Neodymium: Kumbuyo pang’ono
Neodymium inapezedwa mu 1885 ndi katswiri wa zamankhwala wa ku Austria Carl Auer von Welsbach, ngakhale kuti kupezeka kwake kunabweretsa mikangano - chitsulo sichingapezeke mwachibadwa mu mawonekedwe ake achitsulo, ndipo chiyenera kulekanitsidwa ndi didymium.
Monga momwe bungwe la Royal Society of Chemistry likunenera, izi zinayambitsa kukayikira pakati pa akatswiri a zamankhwala ponena za ngati chinali chitsulo chapadera kapena ayi. Komabe, sipanatenge nthawi kuti neodymium izindikiridwe ngati chinthu chokha. Chitsulocho chinachokera ku Greek "neos didymos," kutanthauza "mapasa atsopano."
Neodymium yokha ndiyofala kwambiri. M'malo mwake, ndi wofala kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa mtovu ndipo pafupifupi theka lambiri kuposa mkuwa wapadziko lapansi. Nthawi zambiri amachotsedwa ku monazite ndi bastnasite ores, koma amapangidwanso ndi nyukiliya fission.

Neodymium: Ntchito zazikulu
Monga tanenera, neodymium ili ndi mphamvu ya maginito yamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maginito amphamvu kwambiri padziko lapansi omwe amapezeka potengera kulemera kwake komanso kuchuluka kwake. Praseodymium, dziko lina losowa, limapezekanso mu maginito oterowo, pomwe dysprosium imawonjezeredwa kuti ipititse patsogolo magwiridwe antchito a maginito a neodymium pa kutentha kwambiri.
Maginito a Neodymium-iron-boron asintha zinthu zambiri zaukadaulo zamakono, monga mafoni am'manja ndi makompyuta. Chifukwa cha mphamvu ya maginito awa ngakhale ang'onoang'ono, neodymium yapangitsa kuti miniaturization yamagetsi ambiri itheke, monga mwa Royal Society of Chemistry.
Kuti tipereke zitsanzo zingapo, Apex Magnets imati maginito a neodymium amayambitsa kugwedezeka kwazing'ono pazida zam'manja pomwe choyimbira chatsekedwa, ndipo ndichifukwa champhamvu ya maginito ya neodymium kuti makina ojambulira a MRI amatha kupanga mawonekedwe olondola amkati mwa thupi la munthu. popanda kugwiritsa ntchito ma radiation.
Maginitowa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pazithunzi zama TV amakono; amawongolera kwambiri mawonekedwe azithunzi polozera ma elekitironi molondola pa zenera mu dongosolo loyenera kuti limveke bwino kwambiri komanso mtundu wowongoleredwa.
Kuphatikiza apo, neodymium ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pama turbine amphepo, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito maginito a neodymium kuthandiza kulimbikitsa mphamvu ya turbine ndi kupanga magetsi. Chitsulocho chimapezeka kwambiri m'makina oyendetsa mphepo. Izi zimagwira ntchito pa liwiro lotsika, zomwe zimalola mafamu amphepo kupanga magetsi ochulukirapo kuposa ma turbine amtundu wamba, ndipo amapeza phindu lalikulu.
Kwenikweni, popeza neodymium sichilemera kwambiri (ngakhale imapanga mphamvu zambiri) pali zigawo zochepa zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kapangidwe kake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma turbine azitha kupanga mphamvu zambiri. Pomwe kufunikira kwa mphamvu zina kumakwera, kufunikira kwa neodymium kukuyembekezekanso kuwonjezeka.